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Petersham Hole : ウィキペディア英語版
Petersham Hole

The Petersham Hole was a sink hole caused by subsidence of a sewer which forced the total closure of the A307 road in Petersham in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in 1979–80.
==Collapses==
The affected area comprised elements of the culverted 'Sudbrook' stream, a minor tributary of the Thames, with a catchment extending south to Kingston, and foul sewer serving much of the Petersham area including four nearby schools. The culvert dated from 1920–22 and the foul sewer from 1890.
An initial collapse occurred in June 1978 in a section of outfall pipe in ''River Lane'' (), off the main A307. The lane is prone to tidal flooding and the outfall is protected by a flap valve. The damage proved to be sufficiently extensive to justify a temporary repair and letting a contract for permanent replacement of a long section.
In February 1979, a further collapse occurred 100 metres upstream to the south, in the busy A307 carriageway. On excavation, an area of cracked pipe was found, but, due to heavy rainfall and imminent spring tides the damaged section was set into rapid-hardening concrete and the hole refilled. Subsequent video inspection indicated the pipework to be in reasonable condition. However, a few weeks later, at the end of March, a further collapse occurred at the same site and a large cavity was found. It was clear that the whole section of sewer had to be replaced, and urgently.

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